{"id":1006,"date":"2020-06-03T14:32:35","date_gmt":"2020-06-03T12:32:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/?p=1006"},"modified":"2020-06-03T14:32:35","modified_gmt":"2020-06-03T12:32:35","slug":"loxydoreduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/2020\/06\/03\/loxydoreduction\/","title":{"rendered":"l&#8217;oxydor\u00e9duction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><u><b>Cours\u00a0: L\u2019oxydor\u00e9duction<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><u><b>1\u00a0: D\u00e9finitions<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Toute r\u00e9action chimique mettant en jeu un transfert d\u2019\u00e9lectrons (not\u00e9 e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>) est appel\u00e9 <i><u>r\u00e9action d\u2019oxydor\u00e9duction.<\/u><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><i><u>Un oxydant <\/u><\/i>est un esp\u00e8ce chimique susceptible de capter au moins un \u00e9lectron. On dit qu\u2019il est r\u00e9duit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><i><u>Un r\u00e9ducteur<\/u><\/i> est une esp\u00e8ce chimique susceptible de c\u00e9der au moins un \u00e9lectron. On dit qu\u2019il s\u2019oxyde.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><u><b>2\u00a0: Couple oxydant\/r\u00e9ducteur<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Deux entit\u00e9s chimiques qui ne diff\u00e8rent que par leur nombre d\u2019\u00e9lectrons, constituent un couple oxydant\/r\u00e9ducteur simple. Ainsi 2 esp\u00e8ces chimiques sont dites conjugu\u00e9es et forme un couple oxydant\/r\u00e9ducteur, not\u00e9 Ox\/Red, si elles peuvent \u00eatre reli\u00e9es par la demi-\u00e9quation d\u2019oxydor\u00e9duction\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ox + ne<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = Red<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Une oxydation correspond \u00e0 une perte d\u2019\u00e9lectrons, alors qu\u2019une r\u00e9duction correspond \u00e0 un gain d\u2019\u00e9lectrons.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Les demi-\u00e9quations respectent les m\u00eames r\u00e8gles d\u2019ajustement de st\u0153chiom\u00e9trie que les \u00e9quations chimiques.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ex\u00a0: pour le couple I<sub>2<\/sub>\/I<sup>&#8211; <\/sup>la demi-\u00e9quation est I<sub>2<\/sub> + 2e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = 2I<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">pour le couple Fe<sup>3+<\/sup>\/Fe<sup>2+<\/sup> la demi-\u00e9quation est Fe<sup>3+<\/sup> + 1e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = Fe<sup>2+<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><u><b>3\u00a0: R\u00e9action d\u2019oxydor\u00e9duction<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Elle est le si\u00e8ge d\u2019un \u00e9change d\u2019\u00e9lectrons entre le r\u00e9ducteur d\u2019un couple qui c\u00e8de les \u00e9lectrons et l\u2019oxydant d\u2019un autre couple qui les accepte. Cela doit ressortir avec les coefficients st\u0153chiom\u00e9triques. En effet, apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9crit les demi-\u00e9quations des 2 couples mis en jeu dans une r\u00e9action chimique, on obtient l\u2019\u00e9quation de la r\u00e9action en combinant les \u00e9galit\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ox<sub>1<\/sub>\/Red<sub>1<\/sub> avec Ox<sub>1<\/sub> + ne<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = Red<sub>1 <\/sub> et Ox<sub>2<\/sub>\/Red<sub>2<\/sub> avec Ox<sub>2<\/sub> + ne<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = Red<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">ce qui donne la r\u00e9action aRed<sub>1<\/sub> + bOx<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 cOx<sub>1<\/sub> + dRed<sub>2<\/sub> avec a,b,c,d les coefficients st\u0153chiom\u00e9triques.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Ex\u00a0: Fe<sup>3+<\/sup>\/Fe<sup>2+<\/sup> la demi-\u00e9quation est Fe<sup>3+<\/sup> + 1e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = Fe<sup>2+<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Cu<sup>2+<\/sup>\/Cu la demi-\u00e9quation est Cu<sup>2<\/sup><sup>+<\/sup> + 2e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = Cu<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">d\u2019o\u00f9, une fois le nombre d\u2019\u00e9lectrons \u00e9quilibr\u00e9, donne l\u2019\u00e9quation d ela r\u00e9action\u00a0: 2x(Fe<sup>3+<\/sup> + 1e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = Fe<sup>2+<\/sup>)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><u> <span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Cu<\/span><\/span><\/u><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><sup><u>2<\/u><\/sup><sup><u>+<\/u><\/sup><u> + <\/u><u>2<\/u><u>e<\/u><sup><u>&#8211;<\/u><\/sup><u> = <\/u><u>Cu<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">2Fe<sup>3+<\/sup> + Cu = 2Fe<sup>2+<\/sup> + Cu<sup>2+<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><u><b>4\u00a0: \u00c9quilibrer une demi-\u00e9quation d\u2019oxydor\u00e9duction<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Pour certains couples Ox\/Red, l\u2019ajustement des coefficients st\u0153chiom\u00e9triques est plus compliqu\u00e9. C\u2019est pourquoi il existe une m\u00e9thode qui fonctionne \u00e0 tous les coups, si on la suit \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape. Pour cela, nous prendrons l\u2019exemple du couple MnO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup>\/ Mn<sup>2+.<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00c9tape 1\u00a0: \u00e9crire la demi-\u00e9quation sous la forme classique\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">MnO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup> + ne<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = Mn<sup>2+<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00c9tape 2\u00a0: assurer la conservation de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment principal (ici le mangan\u00e8se)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00c9tape 3\u00a0: Assurer la conservation de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne en ajustant avec l\u2019eau H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">MnO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup> + ne<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> = Mn<sup>2+ <\/sup>+4H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00c9tape 4\u00a0: Assurer la conservation de l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne en ajustant avec l\u2019ion H<sup>+<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">MnO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup> + ne<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> + 8H<sup>+<\/sup> = Mn<sup>2+ <\/sup>+4H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">\u00c9tape 5\u00a0: assurer la conservation des \u00e9lectrons<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">MnO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup> + 5e<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> + 8H<sup>+<\/sup> = Mn<sup>2+ <\/sup>+4H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cours\u00a0: L\u2019oxydor\u00e9duction 1\u00a0: D\u00e9finitions Toute r\u00e9action chimique mettant en jeu un transfert d\u2019\u00e9lectrons (not\u00e9 e&#8211;) est appel\u00e9 r\u00e9action d\u2019oxydor\u00e9duction. Un oxydant est un esp\u00e8ce chimique susceptible de capter au moins un \u00e9lectron. On dit qu\u2019il est r\u00e9duit. Un r\u00e9ducteur est une esp\u00e8ce chimique susceptible de c\u00e9der au moins un \u00e9lectron. On dit qu\u2019il s\u2019oxyde. 2\u00a0: &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/2020\/06\/03\/loxydoreduction\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">l&#8217;oxydor\u00e9duction<\/span>  <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tp-et-calculs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1006"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1007,"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions\/1007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toulouse-sgencfdt.fr\/WORDPRESS_ITRF\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}